Sola Scriptura: 2 Timothy 3:16-17

When God wakes you up at 5 am to write about Sola Scriptura, you should listen,
because He isn't going to let you sleep otherwise.

As a disclaimer, I am not a Catholic Scholar, I do not wish to impose my views upon others, merely encourage personal research and discussion about this topic.
I'm not perfect. I make mistakes and I pray that my Merciful and Loving Father, Jehovah-Jireh, will guide my writing so it may be true and bound together with His word. I also pray that this post reaches the ears and hearts of those who need it. 

Sola Scriptura and what I have come to understand with my own personal research:

Firstly, Sola Scriptura, in Latin, means "by scripture alone". This phrase refers to the belief in most protestant churches that the bible is the supreme and ONLY authority in all matters of doctrine and practice of faith.

As a protestant, I was prepared to bring all the "crazy Catholics" to Christ by relaying scripture that I believed to be affirming Sola Scriptura. The most common scripture was 2 Timothy 3:16-17.
But wait, does it truly affirm Sola Scriptura?

Let's take a look at the verse: "All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for refutation, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so that one who belongs to God may be competent, equipped for every good work." 2 Tim 3:16-17.

Background:
In order to understand this verse, we must understand the purpose Paul had for writing this letter. This is a Pastoral Epistle. This letter was written by Paul to Timothy, a young bishop that Paul himself ordained. This letter was written later in Paul's career and takes on character of a final exhortation and testament to Timothy. It contains instructions for the work of a pastor in caring for the community under his charge.

I would like to ask you, what is the pillar and foundation of truth?
once upon a time, my immediate answer would have been "the Bible", but I have since changed my answer to "the church" because of Paul's words to Timothy in 1 Timothy 3:15.

By understanding this verse and it's context within Paul's teaching on the mystery of our religion, we are able to understand that while Jesus was on earth, he did not establish a book to be the foundation of the christian faith, but  a church. (Matthew 16:15-18, 18:15-18; Ephesians 2:20, 3:10, 3:20-21, 4:11-15; Hebrews 13:7,17)

Before A.D. 397 there was not an official collection of books and letters called the bible.
So what did they teach in the church that Christ founded?
They taught the law of the lord and writings from the apostles that where considered true and worth mentioning, some that were not included in the cannon.

So, if the church that Jesus had established did not have the bible, all bond together nicely, how did people know that what they heard from the church authorities and these letters was truthful?

Authority:
In Matthew 16 verses 15-19, Jesus asks the disciples who they thought he was. Simon peter replied "you are the messiah" Jesus then blessed peter saying "for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my heavenly Father. And so I say to you, you are peter, and upon this rock I will build my church..." Jesus establishes that Peter (his name literally means rock) will be the man who he builds his church on. He goes on to give peter authority in the church by saying, "I will give you keys to the kingdom of heaven. whatever you bind on earth shall be bond in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven."
Jesus shall build his church upon peter and has given peter his authority to teach the people.
Through the laying on of hands as seen in acts 8 verses 14-17, Apostles received the authority of the Holy Spirit and through succession, that authority has been continuously passed down generation after generation until today. this is called Apostolic succession.

Incorporate background knowledge:
So, now that we know a little about the purpose of this letter to Timothy, The true pillar and foundation of truth, Christ's establishment of a church, the teachings before the bible was canonized, the Authority Christ gave peter, and apostolic succession that is still in authority today, We can look back at 2 Timothy 3:16-17 once again.

"All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for refutation, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so that one who belongs to God may be competent, equipped for every good work." 2 Tim 3:16-17.

Where does this verse say that Scripture is the only authority?
It states that scripture is "inspired by God", that it is "useful for teaching", "for refutation", and more, but it does NOT state that it is the only source for teaching, for refutation, for correction, and so forth.
Scripture is the "standard of truth" but not in a way that eliminates or denies the binding authority of authentic apostolic tradition and the Church.
To my knowledge, there is no biblical evidence for scripture as the rule of faith in isolation from the Church and Tradition.

If I were to ask you what is the "Word of God", what would you say?
Scripture? The bible?

What if I were to tell you that the "word of God" refers to teachings both oral and written?
Jeremiah 25 shows us how the word of God was given to the people of Jerusalem by the prophet Jeremiah orally. the people would not listen, yet God held them accountable for what they had heard.
Oral teaching holds authority.

Lets take this back to 2 Timothy.

"Take as your norm the sound words that you heard from me, in the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. Guard this rich trust with the help of the holy Spirit that dwells within us"1:13-14

"And what you heard from me through many witnesses entrust to faithful people who will have the ability to teach others as well." 2:2

"but you, remain faithful to what you have learned and believed, because you know from whom you learned it" 3:14

 Each of these show the authority that Paul places on oral teaching of the "word of God"

Tradition:
Lets take this one step further.
As a protestant, I used the concept of Sola Scripture to denounce the authority of tradition.
I have since seen how tradition can be the fulfillment of the scriptures and is good.
I think all can agree that tradition, when corrupt, is bad. (Matthew 15:2-6, Mark 7:8-13, Colossians 2:8)
But, when tradition is in harmony with and does not oppose the word of God, it is good. (Acts 2:42, 1 Corinthians 11:2, 2 Thessalonians 2:15, 2 Timothy 1:13-14, 2:2)

Often times, people look at Catholicism and don't understand it. That's ok.
By reading the works of the church fathers and researching the original way the church held a service, we are able to see the beauty of tradition and how, while not always directly written in the scriptures, it is never against the Word of God. Traditions are given the purpose of encouraging and uplifting someone so they may live a life in accordance with the scriptures and one that brings glory to God. 

All-in-all,
I have found that Sola Scriptura is not biblical, but that Sacred Scripture, Sacred Traditions, and the authority of the Church (three-legged stool) work together to create a beautiful and holy body of Christ that, by grace, are saved through faith acted out by works of love.

I hope this has given you thought-provoking material and encouraged you to do your own research, ask questions, and never stop searching for the true church of our Father. 
If you have any questions or want to know my opinion or personal research on a subject, please don't hesitate to ask. I encourage you to find fault in my work so that I may be strengthened and equipped.

"consider it all joy, my brothers, when you encounter various trials, for you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance. and let perseverance be perfect, so that you may be perfect and complete, lacking nothing." james 1:2-4

1. According to Scripture: Sola Scripture
2. Refutation of Sola Scriptura
3. Armstrong, Dave. Proving the Catholic Faith Is Biblical: From Priestly Celibacy to the Rosary: 80 Short Essays Explaining the Biblical Basis of Catholicism. Manchester: Sophia Institute, 2015. Print.
4. Keating, Karl. Catholicism and Fundamentalism: The Attack on "Romanism" by "Bible Christians" San Francisco: Ignatius, 1988. Print.

I'm Coming Home: My Journey to Catholicism

This Blog post will be about my journey, from reluctant and un-(or should I say mis-) informed protestant to soon-to-be Catholic, and the emotional, mental and spiritual tribulations which arose.
I will also address a few misconceptions of the Catholic faith in hopes of clarification for those who are willing to listen.

Firstly, Let me tell you my journey.
Full disclosure, everything written here is about my personal experience and independent study of the catholic faith, also, it is rather long. 
you've been warned.

My journey as a protestant:
I was born into an assembly of God church and at the age of 11, my family began attending a Cumberland Presbyterian church. We remained there. at the age of 14, my mind began to question everything. I was in a public High school, after years of home schooling, and my life had become saturated with people of all different spiritual walks. By 15, I had scene the joy of the Lord in others and sought out a way to acquire a spirit on fire for God.  I was baptized in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit on August 3rd of 2011. Through the remainder of high school, I led a "Youth Alive" group, actively participated in Apologetic classes and Doctrine of Man studies, by Paul Washer, taught at a local Southern Baptist Church. I also filled my bible with highlighter marks, pen scribbles, drawings, questions, references, dates, sticky notes and more. I January 1-5th of 2013 (my senior year), I attended the Passion Conference in Atlanta, GA (keep this conference in your back pocket, I'll come back to it). I was on fire for the Lord and I led myself to believe that I had it all figured out, when it came to the direction God had set for my life.

Then college hit.

I asked the question, "Why do I believe this?"

Why am I identifying as a Cumberland Presbyterian? 
Why am I involved with the southern baptist ministry on campus?

I had to find the truth.

Searching for the "True Church" in the protestant faith: 
I began researching further into the foundational beliefs of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, then the Southern Baptist, then Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, and more. After 3 semesters, and many different church visits, I found myself attending a Reformed Anglican church with a friend of mine in march of 2015. This was my first encounter with anything close to Catholicism. I sat in the back pew and followed along in their Common Book of Prayer. I watched as people knelt, sat, stood, and bowed for different portions of the service. I found the prayers beautiful and tightly bound by scripture. I watched as the priest would prepare communion for the congregation and I truly felt touched by the way this group of people worshiped.

"Why is this service different from a Presbyterian or baptist service?"
"They are so different, surely, one of them must be more right."
"Why is each Protestant church different?"

I searched deeper. I looked at church history and was incredibly intrigued by the reformation (a concept often overlooked by basic education and students). In 1517, the protestant reformation formally began with Martin Luther's 95 theses being posted on the Wittenburg Cathedral. In 1520, Luther wrote much and denied the authority of the pope to interpret or confirm the interpretation of the bible. from then on, there were executions, protests, and more which led to the birth of the Church of England, the Jesuit Order, Lutherans, and more. Different protestant denominations continue to arise and claim to have it all figured out.

This made me think of my church history. Cumberland Presbyterians were founded on February 4th 1810. "my church has only been around for a little over two hundred years?"  I continued to look at other churches and their history, then wondered, "The Catholic Church must have something right after being around for so long and surviving so much trials and tribulations."

I let that thought linger in the back of my mind as I gathered small bits of information. I feared the Catholic Church. It was unknown territory.

"Those are the people that Worship Mary and pray to saints" 
"They don't actually pray to God directly" 
"They can't be Christian!"
"I don't belong there."

I prayed that God would help me to find his "True Church" time and time again. I wanted so badly to figure it out, because I was honestly becoming frustrated and discouraged. I questioned my faith on many occasions and felt lost.

Finding the Catholics:
At the end of August of 2015, Without prior knowledge of his religious affiliations, I met and went on a date with a Catholic man (Bret). It went well. Turns out, he was a student at my university and invited me to the Catholic Student Organization (CSO) House on campus. I was nervous.

"I'm a protestant."
"I don't belong there."
"What am I getting myself into"

I agreed to tag along.

At the CSO, I met the people that were necessary so I could learn more about the Catholic faith. I had many conversations with the campus minister, priest, missionaries, and students. they were always available when I needed them.
Before long, Bret tricked (more of a "right place at the right time" scenario) me into my first mass at the CSO house.
This was a small service, like any college campus ministry would hold. It was simple and concise.
I was interested to see how a proper and fully equipped parish would hold mass.
I went to St. Michael's on Summer Ave with Bret and his family.
I fell in love.
The service was stunningly rooted in scripture. From the acts of reverence, to the incense, to the presentation of Christ, to the prayers, I saw scripture everywhere!
I kept thinking "Play it cool Ruth."
But my heart was screaming "I know that psalm! I know why you have a profession of faith, greetings of peace, memorial acclamations,etc..." 

"Ok Ruth, this changes things, but don't let your emotions get caught up and make a hasty decision. you've got to think this through. You've got to KNOW that this is the true church."

I was determined to learn all I could. I needed to know if this was where my Father was calling me to be. soon after that mass, I was meeting one-on-one with one of the missionaries each week to answer my questions about the Catholic faith, attending a bible study, and RCIA (the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults) classes at a local Parish.

I was completely consuming every bit of information I could find and researching it to be sure that what I was being told was truth.

I was finding answers that were firmly grounded within scripture.
I was falling deeper and deeper in love with the Mass and learning to love my Father in a more intimate and satisfying way.
Throughout my journey, I found overwhelming scriptural evidence that led me to slowly lose grip of things I had always believed to be true, sola scriptura, communion as symbolic, and more.
Even as I gained this new knowledge, I still identified as Protestant and was not prepared to become Catholic.

Adoration:
I was able to see the Beauty of God, His attributes, and the incomparable love He has for His children at the renewal of our covenant with Him at each mass,
But I was struggling to feel my Father.

"If this is your church, where are you?"

I found Eucharistic adoration.
"I found You."

For those of you who are not familiar with adoration, It is the presentation of the Eucharist in a space that is for silent prayer, meditation, and contemplation. you can learn more Here.

I spent hours upon hours in Eucharistic adoration praying for the Lord to reveal the truth to me. I prayed for understanding, willingness to listen even if I did not like what He was telling me.

It was as if I wanted to fully fall on love with the Catholic Church, but I was afraid and trying so hard to guard my heart. I was hesitant. I wanted to know for sure
I still had doubts.

Christmas Eve:
Everything Changed one evening when I returned to my parents' Cumberland Presbyterian church for Christmas Eve service. At that service, I sat and watched the pastor, a dear friend, prepare the congregation to receive communion. As I watched him break the hawaiin sweet bread and present the grape juice, I was uncomfortably trying to justify it, but continued to remember John 6:22-70 and the presentation of Christ's Body. I could not ignore the truth that I had discovered.

 "This isn't right"

The pastor called the congregation to the table of the Lord. I sat and watched my church family receive communion, when it cam time for me to join them, I had an overwhelming and distinct understanding:

"This Is not for you anymore."

I remained in my pew and in that moment, realized that by not partaking in a communion I had received for 10 years, I had separated myself from my protestant faith, my church family, and my family and friends. My foundational beliefs were different.
I was overwhelmed and confused.

Student Leadership Summit:
 January 1st of 2016 came quickly and I found myself on a bus with many other catholic college students, heading to Dallas, TX for a Catholic Conference.
I knew that this trip would change me.
It would be a turning point in my faith. 
I was incredibly excited, but incredibly fearful as well. I was trying so hard to hide my fear and uncertainty from my peers.

Throughout the first two days, I was attempting to hide my frustration and confusion.
I couldn't help but remember that 3 years prior, to the day, I had been at a massive Protestant conference, Passion 2013. at the time, I thought I had my life figured out. I thought I knew exactly where the Lord was leading me. I thought I was home.
I wasn't so sure anymore.
I felt as if I had been led on to believe I was home, only to be turned around because I was missing vital information. I felt misplaced.

"Why would you allow me to fall in love with you within the Protestant church, if you were just going to take it away?"
"Why would you give me a home only to force me out of it?" 

I was upset.
I was angry.
I was hurt.

That evening, I planned to skip the prayer hour before mass in the morning. I was tired, confused, frustrated, and simply did not feel like putting in the effort.
I set my alarm for 8:30 am.

My alarm went off at 7 am.
Then at 7:15.
I figured someone was trying to tell me something.
"Ok. Ok. I get it. I'm going"  

 I got up and went to prayer.
"Daddy, I'm here. I was going to sleep through adoration, but you must have something very important to say to me...
"Father, am I doing the right thing by pursuing Catholicism? Is this where you desire me to be? Really, you have led me on such a roller coaster. I feel misled when I think of the years I spent falling in love with your beautiful spirit, as presented by the protestant faith. I feel as if you withheld your beautiful sacraments from me...
"I'm struggling to find any words Daddy. I'm sitting here, but I don't know what to say...
"Maybe I should just listen."

At that point, I opened my bible to Ephesians 3:14-21 because it was the first Lectio Divina in the 40 day challenge that each of the students were given. 
I was shocked.
This is the exact same verse that was used 3 years ago, to the day, at the Passion conference in Atlanta, GA.  
The exact same verse.

It reads:
¹⁴ For this reason I kneel before the Father, ¹⁵ from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named, ¹⁶ that he may grant you in accord with the riches of his glory to be strengthened with power through his Spirit in the inner self, ¹⁷ and that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; that you, rooted and grounded in love, ¹⁸ may have strength to comprehend with all the holy ones what is the breadth and length and height and depth, ¹⁹ and to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, so that you may be filled with all the fullness of God.
²⁰ Now to him who is able to accomplish far more than all we ask or imagine, by the power at work within us, ²¹ to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus to all generations, forever and ever. Amen.

My heart sank and leaped and fluttered all at the same time.
This was amazing, not only was this the verse used 3 years prior, but it specifically speaks of Christ's desire for us to know the fullness of the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, so that we may be filled with all the fullness of God.
I was blown away.
I cried and just thanked God for this. Jehovah-Jireh, You have provided me with exactly what I needed.
I knew in that moment, that I was exactly where God had willed me to be.

There were many other instances where this was reaffirmed throughout the conference, but this was definitely the most moving. 

So, after everything that has happened, everything that I have learned, and everything that is to come, I want to announce that this Easter, I will be coming home to the Catholic church.

Please, if you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask.


I am beyond excited to be coming home to the Catholic church and I am very thankful for all of the people who helped me on this journey.
Thank you.

Unheard Voices

This post is a collective effort of Taylor Vick, Destiny Freeman, Juwon Salami, Ruth Hull, And Leashandra Wiggins from the Media and info literacy course at the University of Memphis in Fall of 2015.

"We have come dangerously close to accepting the homeless situation as a problem that we just can't solve."- Linda Lingle

Lazy, incompetent, criminals, and drug addicts.

Imagine living in a world that labels you, looks down upon you, and expects you to fail.

Imagine a society that blames you for your hunger, your unemployment, and for being a blight on humanity as if your situation is automatically your fault because of your choices, no explanation required.

You might not have access to your birth certificate, your social security card, or a high paying job, or you might be a victim of domestic violence, but in order to be a fully respected citizen, you must be able to provide a roof over your head and meet certain standards set by social norms.

where do we get these ideas of homelessness? Why, from a young age,do we associate them with filth, stealing, drugs, laziness, and  

so much more?

The media. The media, and how different forms of media specifically portray homelessness will be the focus of the blog post. The 5 of us wish to raise awareness of the lives of homeless people and how they came to be in these situations. while we are unable to cover all possible circumstances, we will attempt to lay a foundation to broaden the reader's thoughts and considerations when consuming media that pertains to someone who is homeless.

firstly, we will provide a foundation in terms of specific statistics of homelessness in the world, the United States, and the city of Memphis. After that, we will address three separate, but equally important, aspects of homelessness: homelessness due to natural disasters, family and individual homelessness. Finally, we will wrap the blog post together with how the media represents these people and their lives. 

On a broad scale, according to a survey conducted by the United Nations, it is estimated that 100 million people from around the world live in poverty. This number only takes into consideration people who have chronic homeless, which is where they regularly suffer from being vagrant and typically have a physical or mental disability. More often than not, people will hide if they are below the poverty line to maintain their dignity or even to protect their families from having to deal with government intervention. These people are known as the “hidden homeless” which are the people who live in slums, squatters, and couch surfers. In the U.S., on a single night in January 2014, 578,424 people had no home. In Memphis alone, there are 2000 people on any given day who are homeless. And it is not just the people you think. Yes, there are mentally disturbed people who stand on the side of the road and beg for money who don’t always need it. But, homeless people are also your friends, your neighbors, and your families.they could be anyone. 

so how does someone become homeless? Is it due to pure laziness, or has something in their lives prevented them from progressing in the world? 

 In Houston, Texas there is a group to help those who are homeless and to raise awareness about their lives. This group broke down an array of possible causes of homelessness as seen in Houston in 2013.

"According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, families experiencing homelessness are generally similar to other, housed families living in poverty. In fact, many poor families – homeless or not – share similar characteristics: they are usually headed by a single woman with limited education, are usually young, and experience high rates of domestic violence and mental illness"(HomelessHouston.org) 

We know that people experience many different struggles and that some of these can result in homelessness, but how many people are homeless per state? Movoto.com has published this interactive map that tells us how many people were homeless for every 100K and what the ranking of each state was from 2010-2015

If you follow the link, you will be able to see the progression and regression some states have made over the years.

Lets bring this home

according to Memphis Union Missions, Memphis, Tennessee has approximately 2,000 people who are homeless each night. this does not include the "hidden homeless" mentioned earlier. so lets do the math, in 2013, the population of Memphis was 653,450. If there are approximately 2,000 people homeless each night, that means that for every 327 people, one of them is homeless. 

How many friends do you have on Facebook?

followers on instagram?

Bets are, you have a good number. Looking at that number statistically, one of those 327 people, if they were all to be from Memphis, could be homeless

Lets take a closer look at the homeless population in Memphis. We will specifically address 3 types of homelessness in Memphis, Natural disaster, Family and individual homelessness. 

In August 29th of 2005, Katrina hit and, according to Data Center Research, "the storm displaced more than a million people in the Gulf Coast region. Many people returned home within days, but up to 600,000 households were still displaced a month later. At their peak, hurricane evacuee shelters housed 273,000 people and, later, FEMA trailers housed at least 114,000 households." Among many other states and cities, Memphis opened their doors to a multitude of people who were left stranded after this disaster.

Around the world, natural disasters affect populations and force individuals to become homeless. To add insult to injury, this also makes the situation even worse for those who are already homeless. Events such as Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy have left the homeless without food, shelter, aid, and so forth. In a worst case scenario, homeless individuals end up waiting for help that never comes. This is due to neglect, lack of consideration, media portrayals, fear of the homeless, and lack of aid and funding. Overall, the treatment of homeless individuals due to natural disasters if often dehumanizing and unjust.

Moving onto family homelessness, we have a great example in Memphis Tennessee. The Dorothy Day House of Hospitality. This house is for homeless families specifically. Families are often separated into men's homes, then women and children's homes. In Memphis, there is a lack of shelters for teenage boys. after a certain age, they are no longer permitted to stay at the woman and children's shelters, but they are not old enough to join the grown men. The family unit is already falling apart due to stress, so the Dorothy Day house provides a home for the family to recuperate and regain some normalcy for the family. Families facing homelessness often hide the fact that they are homeless.Why? you may ask. If you were a Single mother, with 3 kids and could not keep up with your bills, you could lose your home. You, and your three children, are now homeless. This is seen as neglecting your children and they can be taken away and placed in foster care. This house keeps families together. You can learn more about the house in this short video Dorothy Day video.

To look at how family homelessness is portrayed in the media, Will Smith and his son help viewers to capture an idea of how it could be. In this clip from "pursuit of happiness", Will smith's character is homeless and supporting his son while trying to work. Smith sleeps in the restroom out of desperation and need to provide a safe place for his son.  

Family homelessness can also be encountered due to a mother or father removing the children from a household of domestic violence.

On the 7th of September of 2015, Humans of new York covered a story of a young man that was given up to a boys home as a child. This man represents individual homelessness. from the age of 4-17, he, and the other boys, were forced to have sexual acts with older men and would receive painful punishments if they did not do them or acted out of order in any way. At the age of 17, He escaped the boys home, climbed a mountain to hide, was hit by a blizzard, and lost his foot to frostbite. to read more of his story, go here.

Individual homelessness is everywhere and there are so many people affected. One group, in particular, is veterans. 

The people who have fought for us, now live on the streets due to mental illness, physical disability, denied benefits and more.

Here is a story CNN covered to show how a veteran can become someone who is homeless through a series of unfortunate events. Due to injury and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, this veteran is unable to work.

I would like to draw attention to the fact that I am not ignoring the stolen valor that is often seen. It is easy to pick up a veterans hat or coat from a thrift store or homeless shelter and make up a story in order to receive notice from more people and ultimately more help. Desperation causes people to do things they may not normally.

The media has asked us to believe that each homeless individual is homeless due to their own laziness, drug or alcohol addiction, or criminal record. While this is true for some of the people who are homeless, is is unfair to generalize all of homelessness in this manner. 

Ultimately, this blog post has been written to encourage everyone to think of people for who they are, Human. due to media and other influence, we often dehumanize and devalue those we believe to be less fortunate than ourselves. 

Because they are not living the way we deem necessary, they hold less value than us. 

Wrong.

People are people, no matter their way of living.

http://tennesseehomeless.org/news/
http://www.dorothydaymemphis.org/
"Facts for Features: Katrina Impact." The Data Center Facts for Features Katrina Impact Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2015. 
"Frequently Asked Questions." Memphis Union Mission. N.p., 22 July 2015. Web. 24 Nov. 2015.

Gilbert, Roy. Doing more for those made homeless by natural disasters. Disaster Management Facility, World Bank, 2001.

Groen, Jeffrey A., and Anne E. Polivka. "Hurricane Katrina Evacuees: Who They Are, Where They Are, and How They Are Faring." Hurricane Katrina Evacuees: Who They Are, Where They Are, and How They Are Faring (n.d.): n. pag. Mar. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. 

"Homeless 101." Coalition for the Homeless. N.p., 2014. Web. 22 Nov. 2015.

Luft, Rachel E. "Beyond disaster exceptionalism: Social movement developments in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina." American Quarterly 61.3 (2009): 499-527.

 National Alliance to End Homelessness. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2015.

Ramin, Brodie, and Tomislav Svoboda. "Health of the homeless and climate change." Journal of Urban Health 86.4 (2009): 654-664.

Springer, Sabine. "Homelessness: a proposal for a global definition and classification." Habitat International 24.4 (2000): 475-484.

Toya, Hideki, and Mark Skidmore. "Economic development and the impacts of natural disasters." Economics Letters 94.1 (2007): 20-25.

Washington, Thomas Alex. "The homeless need more than just a pillow, they need a pillar: An evaluation of a transitional housing program." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 83.2 (2002): 183-188.

Meeting Mickey

On Saturday, August 8th of 2015, I met Mickey while spending a sweltering afternoon with a friend from out of town. My friend and I were walking about the streets near the Lorraine Motel waiting for a shop to open. On our way down the street, we passed a man who obviously had a disability. This disheveled, tired, and ignored man struggled to walk. Mickey was walking in the same direction as my friend and I, but he walked stooping over to his right and dragging his left leg behind him as if his leg was in protest of the movements he was making. As my friend and I quickly and very uncomfortably passed him, we noticed his body trembling, a hospital band on his left arm, and a fresh eight to nine inch gash on his right arm that had been poorly closed with staples. I am ashamed to say that because I was uncomfortable, I hurriedly passed this obviously distressed man with my eyes averted and my hand clutching my bag. As we walked by, my heart sank, but for the sake of my comfort and the comfort of my guest, I proceeded towards a small bench in front of the fire house away from this hunch backed, dirty, and tired man.
God must have prepared a lesson for me that day because He laid a heavy burden on my heart. I chose to ignore it. One of my very many mistakes, but God gave me a second chance. Mickey came stumbling up the sidewalk towards us. I was uncomfortable. I wanted to get up and relocate hastily before he drew too near, but we stayed sitting on that bench and Mickey looked us in the eyes and simply asked if we knew where he could get a coke. Mickey could not speak very clearly, so if I remember correctly, we asked him to repeat what he had said a couple times. After asking the man to wait on the bench for us, we left to grab him a coke, water, a sandwich, and some potato chips. Mickey looked so happy when we got back. He was most excited that the sandwich was on wheat bread. I cannot begin to explain the difference in Mickey's face from when he first ashamedly asked for a cook to when he was talking of how he loved wheat bread and was so glad that is what we got him.
Mickey showed me his cut and I washed it with some water and a napkin. We held Mickey's hands, prayed for him and went on our way to the small shop downtown. I didn't think I would see this man again.
On our walk back to the car, we passed the bench where Mickey had been eating his lunch and he was no longer there. I looked around and didn't see him. as we got closer to the Lorraine Motel, I saw him sitting on a different bench. We went up to Mickey and asked how his lunch was. He told us it was wonderful and thanked us again. Mickey's gash had reopened and was bleeding down his arm and onto his clothing. I couldn't ignore this. We prayed with Mickey again, thanking God for allowing us to meet and then I asked Mickey to wait on me one more time while I ran to get my first aid kit in my car about a 1/4 mile away.
I quickly gathered the things I needed out of my car and my friend and I walked back. We met mickey on the road and stopped under the shade of a trolley/bus stop on south main street. Thanks to my wonderful mother, having brothers, watching small prone-to-injury children, and being a nursing student for a semester, I had a little first aid knowledge at my fingertips and began patching him up to the best of my abilities. As I talked Mickey through what I was doing to patch him up, my friend and I got to know Mickey a little better. Mickey is from Pensacola, Florida and worked as an ER assistant and EMT for years. Mickey had a wife and family and loved his grandmother dearly. 16 years ago, Mickey was in a terrible car accident and was in a coma for 4 months time. Mickey told me about how he could hear his wife, family, friends, and doctors talk about him while he was in this coma.
Mickey never told me what happened to his wife or his family, or how he ended up in Memphis, but he did tell me that God had a plan. Mickey, with all that has plagued him, told me that he wouldn't be on this earth if God didn't have a plan for him. Seeing Mickey, a man with so much going against him, light up at the remembrance of a purpose God has for him, just filled my heart.
I finished cleaning, disinfecting, and patching Mickey up and we prayed. Mickey specifically asked for prayer over his back. He said it had been hurting since his accident 16 years ago and that he was hurting so badly. My friend, Mickey, and I all prayed and we went on our way.

It has been over a week since I saw Mickey and I have been unable to stop thinking, praying, and worrying about him. I find myself wondering if he has eaten or if his injury got infected or better. I pray that he finds a safe place to sleep at nights. I cannot forget the look in Mickey's eyes as he thanked us. I believe listening to him was more help than anything else we had done. Mickey said no one had spoken to him in quite a long time and even longer since someone had listened. I will never forget Mickey's face lighting up as he spoke of his Grandmother and his wife and brother and work as an ER assistant. He told me about how his Grandmother had the best apple pie recipe and how he missed it so much.

To me, Mickey is my reason. He is my reason to be aware. Mickey could have been anyone. He is someone's uncle, someone's coworker, someone's husband, someone's dad. He could have been my uncle, my coworker, my husband, or my dad, and I would want someone to take care of him if that were the case.
So, why didn't I help him the first time? because he was dirty? because he was hurt? because he was alone? because he was distressed? what more reasons do you need to help someone?
Why did I, specifically me, rush by Mickey the first time?
Because I was uncomfortable.
I was uncomfortable.
I rushed past him.
I did not look at him.
I did that.

Me specifically.

Mickey has been on my mind everyday since. I have truly evaluated the situation in many of its aspects and have prayed for him in every way I can think of.

Before I met mickey, I kept snacks, water, and Gatorade in my car and would uncomfortably pass them to strangers who sat by the roadside or who i met on the street. I would have small talk, but not enough to truly know the person.

I do not want this post to have a "look at how much of a good person I am" feel to it, because I feel cruddy after thinking of how many people I have walked by and not gotten a second chance to love on. I want this post to bring awareness to homelessness and to loving our neighbors, no matter where they are. These summer months are coming to a close, but they are not over yet. I ask you guys to join me and keep some Gatorade, water, protein snacks, and such in your car to give out when you see a neighbor in need. also, First Aid kits are a wonderful thing to have. I was so thankful for mine when I saw Mickey's injury and was able to help.
This is such a small thing, but if it can open the door to talking to someone about their life and how God is working in them, just think of what a grand adventure it could bring.
Pray for Mickey.
Pray for our neighbors.

Lots of Love,
Ruth

10 things people with memory loss go through

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to forget part of your life? I am sure you have, it's normal. Today I feel compelled to write about a few things you may not fully understand about memory loss. In the summer of 2013, I had two concussions and ended up losing 5 years of memory. I lost ages 13-17 in the blink of an eye, but, I had no idea. 

I know what you're thinking, "that doesn't make sense", but let me shine a light on that. I had no idea I had lost any memories till people started asking me questions about my life. It was then that I realized, I had holes in my memories. Very large holes. Luckily, I did not lose everything. I knew my name, my age, my family, my school, my boyfriend, etc. I knew the basic outline of my life, but I had no idea about what classes I had taken in high school, who my teachers were, the sports I played, my friends, how I met my boyfriend or how we ended up dating, or the simplest inside jokes my family laughed about. All of that was gone.

No detailed memory. It's as if someone had written a very boring book and I was the main character. 


Now, time and time again, I have heard someone say "you have it lucky. I wish I could forget high school". Let me just assure you, You don't want to forget.

Anyway here are just a few things I have learned through the past two years as I've lived with the knowledge that five years of my life are missing.

1.  No one understands you. Now, I am not saying this to be mean, but it is true. Losing some of your memories is an experience that very few people go through. I love my family and friends and I appreciate their efforts, but losing your memory isn't something you can simply read about and then understand. It messes with your mind and your emotions. You lose a connection with people because you don't remember experiencing the same things they did.
2.  You forget. you forget things all the time. Important things. You forget you have food cooking and it will burn. You forget to do laundry and you will not be wearing that cute skirt to school. You forget assignments no matter how many sticky notes, alarms, and marks you have on your hands. You will forget important events: birthdays, anniversaries, scholarship meetings, church events, etc. You will forget when and where your classes are even though you have been attending them all semester. You will forget taking your medicine, leaving the house, going to the store, taking a shower, turning in projects, bringing books to class, calling your mom (sorry about that), and more. You forget things constantly.
3. You will confuse dreams and memories.  I cannot tell you how many times I have spoken to someone about an event I thought had happened only to get the "what on earth are you talking about" look because it did not really happen.
4. People get offended when you don't remember them.  You may remember their face, but you have no idea how, when, or where you met them. Now, not everyone will get offended, but it happens so often. "how can you not remember me?" "we were friends" "my brother had the biggest crush on you" and more. It is unavoidable.
5. You have to tell your story over and over again. Everyone will ask, and then possibly not believe you. It is only when you allow them to touch the giant ridge in your skull that they start realizing "Oh she isn't kidding". This is almost a daily occurrence.
6. You are the outsider. Everyone has those high school memories, except you. They are able to connect over sports or prom or awkward first dates. Sadly, you don't have those memories and that can make it very difficult to relate to other people more often than you would imagine.
7. People will mess with you.  They don't mean to cause harm but it happens. People will tease and tell you a story about something you did and it may or may not be true. If you are lucky, they will say "just kidding" and move on, but some will laugh and then you are clueless to whether it is really true or they are just pulling your leg.
8. You play along.  This one hits home for me. I cannot explain to you how much it hurts to sit at a dinner table with your family and laugh at an inside joke you don't understand. Or to talk to old friends about trips with school and laugh at stupid things you did, but don't remember doing. You get tired of asking questions. You get tired of stealing the joy out of times of laughter. Because of this, you play along and pretend you get the jokes. You pretend that forgetting doesn't bother you just so you can let everyone else have a good time.
9. A picture is worth a thousand words. I have found some of the most hilarious pictures and I have to ask my mom, friends, or boyfriend about them. I will post a few later down the road. they are a hoot.
10. You are different. I often catch myself being compared from before my concussions and after. A friend of mine, Ryan, described it as BC Ruth and AC Ruth (before concussions and after concussions). I thought it was rather clever of him.  I am told that I changed after the concussions. I have different interests and ways of doing things. I haven't decided if I fully agree with this yet, but it is a possibility. 

Now, of course this is not everything, but it might give you a few ideas of what it's like to lose your memories. not everything is bad, but not everything is good. Life gets very confusing and frustrating at times, but I know that God is using this part of my life to sculpt me into a person who can help others like me. He is writing my unique story. 

If you ever have questions about what it is like to live with memory loss, don't hesitate to ask. 

lots of love,
Ruth

Honduras: He answers me

It is never an easy task to say goodbye to children you have grown to love, but I could not have imagined it would burden my spirit so much. Monday, March 9th I left Memphis on my way to Tegucigalpa, Honduras. this was to be my first mission trip. I do not believe there is a way I could accurately describe my feelings that morning, as I boarded the plane, nevertheless, I will admit I was apprehensive. The time leading up to this trip was full of doubt and discontent with my current situation in life, and I continually caught myself asking God to give me a reason to stay. It was not because I did not want to serve him; it was because I was afraid that I was not the person for the job at hand. I was not like the others. I cannot quote the bible verbatim, I cannot answer many questions in regards to theology, I cannot express my feelings in a way that most people understand or see as normal. I do not fit into this cookie cutter form of a mission worker. However, God has a purpose for me. 

 The organization I worked with is called Point of Impact  POI .I strongly encourage each one of you to read the mission this ministry has and to read the stories of the children within the program. David and Ruth Hamilton began the program nearly 15 years ago and now manage 4 accredited after school tutoring centers where the children are fed, given free medical attention, and provided with more education. they also have a girls and boys orphanage. There are close to 500 children within the POI program and just under 200 are currently sponsored. this past week, my team focused on gathering information for the sponsors. we documented names, birthdays, parent's names, and clothing sizes. we took their pictures and we helped make bracelets for their sponsors. There is one part of this process that broke my heart again and again and that was when we were able to truly grasp who these children are. the children were each asked a variety of questions such as "what do you want to be when you grow up", "what makes you laugh", "what is your favorite food" and "what would be the best gift in the world". the final question hit us the hardest. while lots of kids answered with "bikes"or "Ronaldo's jersey", some of them had very heart-touching answers. children, between kindergarten and 6th grade, were asking for "bed(s)", "to see their father/mother again", "to pass the 3rd grade", "a house", "food for their mother(s)", and more. each of these touched our hearts and made us pray for more sponsors and for God's hand to be over these children. one answer stuck out the most, a young boy wrote "to have more children in the POI program so they can know Jesus". This shows us that the program is reaching the children.

 Other than our work with the after school programs, we loved on the children in the Boys and Girls homes. Each child in these homes has been through tremendous turmoil that no child should have to endure, but yet the smile and laugh and hold your hand. These children have my heart and now I know why the Lord sent me to Tegucigalpa.

He sent me to love. to love unconditionally and without fear because that is what these children need. Many people go into mission trips believing that they can "fix" a child, but here is the thing, they are not broken. these children may be hurting, hungry, mentally disabled, or more, but they are not broken. they are beautiful! In John chapter nine, Jesus heals a man born blind. the disciples ask him "Rabbi, who has sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind." Jesus answered, "it was not that this man sinned, or his parents, but that the works of God might be displayed in him." For the glory of God. these children are not broken, they are beautiful for the glory of God. 

I am not afraid anymore.

"I sought the Lord, and he answered me and delivered me from all my fears" -Psalm 34:4

 I greatly encourage each of you to pray and ask the Lord if sponsoring a child is for you. If you have any questions, please contact me or a member of the POI team.

Lots of Love,

Ruth